[CaptNeptune]

Your points are all over the place. Focus down on 1 point at a time. Trying to improve everything will make progress slower. That's what my senpai told me.
But Imma address these points 1 by 1.

1. Practice makes perfect. Try to look up guides to focus down improving aim.
2. This is something that even I'm working on. The easiest way to say it is: read your opponents. Happy to explain.in VC on Discord
3. Not a Pharah main, but you need to try and understand her kit better. Ask Stinger for more details.
4. This was another problem for me which was restriction of gameplay. Just try whatever and you'll eventually find the style you need to climb. Can go into detail if needed.
5. DPS shouldn't be on point all the time unless maybe Tracer/Genji. I can promise you though, that there will be holes in your positioning. Like I think my positioning is garbage so I dunno how you think yours is decent. Bold call.
6.Too general of a question. But from what I can tell this is similar to restriction of gameplay problem.
7. Rule 1 of Rein: Never charge.

if you're in silver you don't have good aim, because if you did you would spam soldier and get out easily. If you have trouble dpsing as a hitscan you have no business playing phara who is arguably the hardest dps to play. Therefore my first tip would be stop playing Phara.

Second of all, just as you said, Lucio is pointless at low elo because he requires coordination and games sense from your team and nobody you're playing with has any. So my second tip is to stop playing Lucio.

You're main problem is that you are playing the wrong champs because you haven't put enough time into practicing champs that are easier to play and have a higher ROI. Whether it's the Dunning-Kruger effect or you're legitimately ok is not really the point, though the fact that you're still low elo makes me think it's the former. You need to play stuff that's easier and has a higher impact. If you're playing dps just go for Soldier or Junk. If you're playing healer go Mercy or Zen. Generally you just need to put the time into higher impact champs and rely less on your team. You need to understand that most people you're playing with are below the median MMR and are functionally brain dead. Spam soldier and learn to reliably hit headshots. Play csgo.

Alright, ty
I'll work on improving myself based on ur feedbacks
Oh and Beasty, Im not sure if throwing Pharah out the window is a great idea since most people have a hard time getting rid off me, but it's true that no healers ever bother with me except mercy